Spoke DNA · Sleep & Fitness focus

Sleep & Fitness
Focus Report

for Sample Customer

Your sleep, energy, fitness, and recovery tendencies from your DNA, translated into clearer priorities and practical experiments.

Inside: the sleep and fitness patterns most worth noticing, what to track in real life, reassuring context, one 14-day starting point, and the supporting trait evidence.

Your report in one minute

What stands out and whyRead the pattern before the plan.

  • Fitness. Favourable fitness foundations include a naturally lower resting-heart-rate tendency, higher heart-rate variability, higher appendicular lean mass, and somewhat stronger grip. Aerobic fitness may come less naturally, so you could benefit particularly from training it. A higher fatigue tendency makes it sensible to build gradually and use recovery as feedback.
  • Sleep. Your sleep picture is mostly favourable, with a lower insomnia tendency and somewhat higher sleep efficiency. You also lean toward longer sleep and a later body clock. The useful question is simply whether you wake restored and whether sleep supports your training recovery.

What could clarify this. Build on your fitness strengths and train your aerobic capacity.

Report map

Six stops, each with one job.

Everything below opens further if you want it — nothing needs to be read in order, and nothing here is a diagnosis.

Step 1 of 6 · Focused signal map

Overall, this is mostly good news.

Start with the areas you care about. Open any area to see the individual findings and percentiles behind it — 37 health areas are shown from 103 visible results; opt-in findings are not included.

8 leaning higher · 24 near the middle · 5 leaning lower

Trait percentiles compare your score with people from a similar ancestry background. They do not show absolute risk, which is usually low.

Public sample: Opt-in findings are not included. The 103 results shown are genuine and anonymised.

Signal strength Closer to the midpoint Further from the midpoint

Leaning lower

5 areas

Sleep DNA signal
Insomnia · <10% Sleep efficiency · 67th Sleep duration · >90%
Hearing & balance DNA signal
Tinnitus · <10%
Thyroid DNA signal
Hypothyroidism · <10%
Pain DNA signal
Chronic pain · 15th
Inflammation & autoimmune DNA signal
C-reactive protein · <10%

Near the middle

24 areas

Show all 24 steady areas
Vitamin D handling DNA signal
Vitamin D level · >90%
Weight & body fat DNA signal
Body mass index · 34th
Iron, B12 & blood count DNA signal
Higher iron-storage marker · Marker Vitamin B12 level · 85th Serum iron · <10% Neutrophil count · 85th
Joint health DNA signal
Osteoarthritis · 20th
Heart rhythm DNA signal
Resting heart rate · 21st Heart-rate variability · 74th
Food sensitivities DNA signal
Food allergy · 35th
Sleep breathing & movement DNA signal
Restless legs syndrome · 33rd Snoring · 29th Sleep apnea · 58th Daytime sleepiness · 62nd
Protein & metabolic markers DNA signal
Serum albumin · 86th Serum total protein · 71st
Liver enzymes DNA signal
GGT · 24th AST · 68th ALT · 46th Total bilirubin · >90%
Muscle strength & body composition DNA signal
Appendicular lean mass · 81st Hand grip strength · 61st Creatine kinase · 68th
Circadian rhythm DNA signal
Chronotype · 32nd (i.e. evening tendency)
Coeliac / gluten context DNA signal
Celiac disease · 45th
Movement metabolite context DNA signal
Lactate · 35th
Sleep chemistry context DNA signal
Cortisol · 31st
Injuries & tendon health DNA signal
Achilles tendon injury · 61st
Nutrition DNA signal
Homocysteine · 71st Vitamin B6 / pyridoxine · 56th Folate · 53rd Urine riboflavin (B2) · 46th
Immunity & infections DNA signal
Eosinophilic esophagitis · 81st Eosinophil count · 17th Total IgE · 66th
Sex hormones DNA signal
Total testosterone · 40th Sex hormone-binding globulin · 82nd
Cognition & memory DNA signal
Reaction time · 11th (i.e. faster) Memory performance · 62nd
Liver health DNA signal
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease · 70th Liver fat · 33rd
Uric acid & gout DNA signal
Gout · 73rd Serum urate · 53rd
Fitness DNA signal
Cardiorespiratory fitness / VO2max · 18th
Minerals & electrolytes DNA signal
Serum magnesium · 15th
Respiratory health DNA signal
Asthma · 75th

Higher and lower show where a score sits in the comparison group. They do not automatically mean worse and better.

No extra action from DNA alone. These sit quietly in the background unless symptoms or family history change the picture.

Leaning higher

8 areas

Blood sugar control DNA signal
Type 2 diabetes · >90% HbA1c · >90% Fasting glucose · 41st
Allergy DNA signal
Allergic rhinitis · >90% Atopic dermatitis · 61st Urticaria · 36th
Gut health DNA signal
Irritable bowel syndrome · >90% Gastroesophageal reflux disease · 13th Constipation · >90% Diarrhea · 28th
Kidney health DNA signal
Albuminuria / urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio · 89th Cystatin C · 22nd Estimated glomerular filtration rate · 50th
Bone health DNA signal
Osteoporosis · 90th Bone density · 72nd
Blood lipids DNA signal
LDL cholesterol · >90% Apolipoprotein B · 78th Triglycerides · 77th Total cholesterol · 13th
Energy & fatigue DNA signal
Malaise and fatigue · 85th
Headaches & migraine DNA signal
Migraine · 85th

The colour scale helps rank the map using health relevance, evidence quality, result confidence, background frequency, redundancy, and distance from the reference average. It is a ranking aid, not a health score or risk percentage. Higher is not automatically worse, and lower is not automatically better.

Step 2 of 6 · At a glance priorities

Start with what feels recognisably you.

This focused view starts with the sleep and fitness patterns most likely to feel recognisable, then separates trainable priorities from reassuring context.

1
You may have faster reaction times.
Faster reaction time signal
Why is this here?

This points to a faster reaction-time tendency. It is not a verdict on intelligence or ability.

How to use it. Compare this with your own experience. If it does not sound like you, leave it as background rather than forcing a match.

2
You may lean later in the day.
Later body-clock signal
Why is this here?

Your DNA points a little more toward eveningness than early-morning ease.

How to use it. Compare this with your own experience. If it does not sound like you, leave it as background rather than forcing a match.

Step 3 of 6 · 14-day plan

A 14-day everyday habit plan.

Start with the recommended habit, or choose one from the simple, moderate, and challenging set. Try it for 14 days and decide whether it suits you. For this sample, these habits aim to support long-term health.

Recommended start

An easy habit to try for 14 days

Post-meal walking prescription

Daily
Strong match

Why it fits: A short walk after a meal helps muscle take up glucose. Linked findings: Type 2 diabetes and HbA1c. Try this: After the largest carbohydrate meal, walk 10 to 15 minutes within an hour. If time is tight, use stairs or calf raises.

Type 2 diabetes · >90%HbA1c · >90%Triglycerides · 77thNonalcoholic fatty liver disease · 70th

Choose another habit if it fits you better

Choose one option that fits your routine.

Simple

Easy options to repeat

5 simple options
Nuts as snack replacement Strong match
Daily

Why it fits: This is a practical fat-quality and snack-quality note. It works best when nuts replace crisps, biscuits, pastries, or sweets, not when they are simply added on top of usual intake. Linked findings: Type 2 diabetes and LDL cholesterol. Try this: Pre-portion a small handful, add nuts/seeds to oats or yoghurt, or keep them as the default afternoon snack. Choose unsalted versions for blood-pressure context.

Type 2 diabetes · >90% LDL cholesterol · >90% HbA1c · >90% Apolipoprotein B · 78th
Oat/barley beta-glucan breakfast Strong match
Daily

Why it fits: This is a simple lipid-and-glucose breakfast swap: beta-glucan supports LDL/ApoB lowering ways it works, while the meal structure can reduce refined breakfast starches and improve satiety. Linked findings: Type 2 diabetes and LDL cholesterol. Try this: Pick one default: porridge, overnight oats, oat bran with yoghurt, barley in soup, or a low-sugar high-beta-glucan cereal. Pair it with nuts/seeds or protein, and avoid turning it into a sweet dessert bowl.

Type 2 diabetes · >90% LDL cholesterol · >90% HbA1c · >90% Apolipoprotein B · 78th
Low-friction meal template Strong match
Daily

Why it fits: Metabolic consistency is mostly won on low-energy days. Linked findings: LDL cholesterol and HbA1c. Try this: Create three default meals that meet the metabolic pattern: protein, high-fiber plant, unsaturated fat, low refined starch. Repeat them on tired days rather than improvising takeaway.

LDL cholesterol · >90% HbA1c · >90% Triglycerides · 77th Gout · 73rd
Whole fruit swap Good match
Daily

Why it fits: This is a carb-quality experiment, not fruit restriction. Whole fruit is not the liver target in the way soda, juice, and sweet snacks are; the fibre and structure make the signal slower and usually more filling. Linked findings: Type 2 diabetes and Irritable bowel syndrome. Try this: Pick the easiest swap: berries with yoghurt, an apple with nuts, citrus after a meal, or fruit instead of juice at breakfast. Keep portions ordinary and choose lower-trigger fruits if IBS symptoms matter.

Type 2 diabetes · >90% Irritable bowel syndrome · >90% HbA1c · >90% Triglycerides · 77th
Low-artery-risk breakfast template Good match
Daily

Why it fits: A default breakfast can lower refined sugar and saturated fat while adding fibre and protein early in the day. Linked findings: Type 2 diabetes and LDL cholesterol. Try this: Choose one repeatable breakfast: oats with nuts/berries, unsweetened yoghurt with nuts/fruit, or a tofu/egg/bean plate with vegetables.

Type 2 diabetes · >90% LDL cholesterol · >90% HbA1c · >90% Apolipoprotein B · 78th

Moderate

Options that need some planning

5 moderate options
Saturated-fat swap list Strong match
A few times a week

Why it fits: LDL falls more reliably when the replacement is unsaturated fat or high-fiber carbohydrate, not refined starch. Linked findings: LDL cholesterol and Reduced CYP2C9 statin metabolism. Try this: Choose the swaps in advance: butter to olive/rapeseed oil, cream to Greek yoghurt, fatty processed meat to fish/poultry/legumes, cheese-heavy lunches to hummus/beans/eggs or lean protein.

LDL cholesterol · >90% Reduced CYP2C9 statin metabolism · marker HDL cholesterol · 25th Gout · 73rd
Legume-protein substitution Good match
A few times a week

Why it fits: This is a two-for-one metabolic swap: legumes add fermentable and soluble fibre while replacing higher-saturated-fat or refined-carbohydrate defaults that often drive LDL, ApoB, triglycerides, and glucose patterns. Linked findings: Type 2 diabetes and LDL cholesterol. Try this: Start with familiar meals: lentil soup, bean chilli, chickpea curry, daal, tofu stir-fry, edamame bowls, or beans added to salads. Use smaller portions and canned/rinsed beans if gut tolerance is the barrier.

Type 2 diabetes · >90% LDL cholesterol · >90% HbA1c · >90% Apolipoprotein B · 78th
Cholesterol-lowering food portfolio Good match
A few times a week

Why it fits: Different LDL-lowering foods work through different ways it works that add up. Linked findings: LDL cholesterol and Triglycerides. Try this: Add one portfolio component at a time: oats or barley, psyllium, nuts, soy/legumes, and plant sterols/stanols if appropriate. Use it with, not instead of, indicated statin therapy.

LDL cholesterol · >90% Triglycerides · 77th Reduced CYP2C9 statin metabolism · marker HDL cholesterol · 25th
Lower-glucose starch default Good match
A few times a week

Why it fits: Lower-GI starches usually enter the bloodstream more slowly and often bring fibre with them. Linked findings: Type 2 diabetes and HbA1c. Try this: Replace white bread/rice/pasta/cereal defaults with legumes, intact grains, oats/barley or cooled/reheated starches when they fit the meal.

Type 2 diabetes · >90% HbA1c · >90% Triglycerides · 77th Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease · 70th
Fish, nuts and legumes protein rotation Good match
A few times a week

Why it fits: This is a food-rotation habit for fatty-liver, triglyceride, LDL, BP, and gout context. It shifts the whole plate toward fish, nuts, legumes, and unsaturated fats without asking for a perfect diet overhaul. Linked findings: Type 2 diabetes and LDL cholesterol. Try this: Plan two swaps for the week: one bean/lentil/tofu meal and one fish or nut/seed-supported meal. Keep processed meat out of the default slot and add vegetables so the swap is filling.

Type 2 diabetes · >90% LDL cholesterol · >90% Triglycerides · 77th HDL cholesterol · 25th

Challenging

Options for a settled routine

3 challenging options
Intense interval training block Optional challenge
Structured

Why it fits: Intervals are a capacity tool, not a starter requirement. They belong after a tolerable walking/aerobic base and should be adjusted around sleep, soreness, HRV/RHR trend, illness, pain, and motivation. Linked findings: Asthma. Try this: Pick one weekly session and keep the first two weeks conservative. Warm up, do the interval set, cool down, and leave at least 48 hours before another hard session unless coached.

Asthma · 75th
Shift-work rescue map Optional challenge
Structured

Why it fits: Circadian guideline supports timed light, sleep scheduling and melatonin strategies; implementation requires context. Linked findings: Daytime sleepiness. Try this: Anchor a protected sleep block, bright light during the biological day/shift start, sunglasses or dark commute after night shift, caffeine only in shift first half, and fixed post-shift wind-down.

Daytime sleepiness · 62nd
Polarised endurance block Optional challenge
Structured

Why it fits: Polarised or 80/20-style training can help trained users organise intensity, but it is not a beginner requirement or a universal best model. The customer-safe point is simple: most volume should not feel hard if hard sessions are also present. Linked findings: Matched signals and Evidence. Try this: Plan the week before it starts: easy aerobic sessions, one or two harder interval/tempo sessions only if safe, and at least one true recovery day. Keep the easy sessions conversational rather than drifting into medium-hard work.

Matched signals · 0 Evidence · B/S heart metabolic · area sleep fitness · area
Step 4 of 6 · Your normal day

Your report, across a normal day.

Use these ordinary moments to see whether the focused patterns show up in real life. They are prompts to notice, not evidence that every inherited tendency applies to you.

Morning: did the night actually restore you?

Use the first hour of the day as a reality check. If waking feels heavy, unrefreshed, headachy, or sleepy despite enough time in bed, the useful question is sleep quality and breathing, not willpower.

Higher inherited fatigue tendency · 85th Mildly higher sleep-apnea tendency · 58th Mildly higher daytime-sleepiness tendency · 62nd Higher sleep-efficiency context · 67th
Lunchtime: make the metabolic picture measurable.

The midday meal is where blood sugar, blood lipids, weight trend, and gut comfort become practical rather than abstract. Tests such as HbA1c or fasting glucose, ApoB or non-HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, and post-meal symptoms can help decide what matters.

Higher inherited HbA1c tendency · >90% Higher inherited type 2 diabetes tendency · >90% Higher inherited ApoB tendency · 78th Very high inherited LDL tendency · >90%
Afternoon lull: check the ordinary causes first.

If energy drops later in the day, start with the basics before exotic explanations: full blood count, ferritin or iron studies, B12 or folate, vitamin D, thyroid, medicines, and whether the previous night was actually restorative.

Higher inherited fatigue tendency · 85th Lower inherited serum-iron tendency · <10% Slightly lower inherited ferritin tendency · 40th Higher inherited vitamin B12 tendency · 85th
Workout: build around the strengths you have.

Favourable grip-strength, hormone, or bone-density signals point to capacities worth maintaining. Keep strength training, enough protein, sleep, and recovery in the week.

Higher bone-density context · 72nd Higher hand-grip strength context · 61st Slightly lower total-testosterone tendency · 40th Physical-activity genetics · <10%
How to read this report

DNA is a prioritisation layer, not a diagnosis. PRS percentiles compare you with the scoring comparison group; ancestry match can affect how portable that comparison is. Marker calls note presence or absence of a specific variant; PGx notes matter only when a matching medicine is chosen. Measured results, symptoms, family history, and clinician judgement decide what changes now.

Step 5 of 6 · Doctor's visit

Questions worth discussing or checking.

These are the few checks most likely to clarify what DNA cannot establish. You can discuss them with your GP or arrange common tests yourself; symptoms, history, medicines, and previous results still decide what matters.

Fatigue or marked daytime sleepiness, if relevant

If relevant

What to discuss or check. If fatigue or sleepiness is affecting daily life, ask whether sleep history, medicines, alcohol, training load, full blood count, ferritin, thyroid, B12/folate, or vitamin D context is relevant.

Why it made the cut. This is relevant only if fatigue or sleepiness affects daily life. The DNA finding does not establish a sleep disorder or explain fatigue by itself.

Malaise and fatigue· 85th

Exercise capacity or breathlessness, if relevant

If relevant

What to discuss or check. If exercise capacity seems unexpectedly low, ask whether current fitness, breathing symptoms, inhaler use, iron status, or a measured fitness assessment would clarify the picture.

Why it made the cut. This is relevant only if current capacity or symptoms are concerning. The lower fitness signal is trainable context; chest pain, fainting, severe breathlessness, or new symptoms need ordinary medical assessment.

Asthma· 75thCardiorespiratory fitness / VO2max· 18th

Bone or recurrent-injury context, if relevant

If relevant

What to discuss or check. If there is fracture history, recurrent injury, low energy availability, steroid exposure, or another clinical reason, ask whether bone-health review or measured vitamin D and calcium context is appropriate.

Why it made the cut. This is relevant only if fracture, injury, exposure, or other clinical context fits. The inherited signal is not a diagnosis or a reason for imaging on its own.

Osteoporosis· 90th
Prepare your family history

For each biological relative, record the facts below. Start with every biological parent, full sibling, and child. Then add any half-sibling, grandparent, aunt, or uncle known to have the same condition or event.

Topics this report makes useful to ask about
Osteoporosis
  1. Biological relative: exact relationship, such as mother, father, full sister, half-brother, or maternal grandfather.
  2. Family side: maternal, paternal, both, or your child.
  3. Condition or event: the exact diagnosis or event—do not substitute a vague phrase such as “heart trouble.”
  4. Age: age at diagnosis or event, not their current age.
  5. Certainty: confirmed from a medical record or relative, reported but unconfirmed, or unknown.

If a fact is not known, write “unknown.” Do not guess, and do not include partners or other non-biological relatives in this genetics history.

4 medication-response notes — keep for prescribing moments
Faster PPI metabolism (CYP2C19) — Use if a PPI is being chosen, dose-adjusted, used long term, or not working as expected.
Faster selected SSRI metabolism/tolerability marker (CYP2D6/CYP2C19/CYP2B6) — Use when an antidepressant is being selected, switched, dose-adjusted, or side effects are being reviewed.
Faster selected tricyclic antidepressant metabolism marker (CYP2D6/CYP2C19) — Use if a TCA is being considered for mood, pain, migraine, sleep, or another indication.
Reduced selected-statin metabolism marker (CYP2C9) — Use if a statin is being chosen, changed, or reviewed after muscle symptoms.
A simple opening line

“I have a DNA report that pulls forward a few areas. Could we check whether these measurements or symptom questions are relevant for me now?”

Step 6 of 6 · Explorer & methods

Explore the full evidence.

How to read these results

Your percentile shows where your score ranks in its reference group. Predictive power describes how much information similar scores have added in research. Neither number is a diagnosis.

Results may be less precise when the reference group differs from your ancestry.

Predictive power is not your personal probability or proof that this exact score performs the same.

Pathway diagrams show which parts of a score contribute more or less. They do not measure what is happening in your body. Use symptoms, family history and current test results to decide what matters.

More limited predictive powerVery little added information in research
Lower predictive powerA small amount of added information in research
Moderate predictive powerSome useful added information in research
Higher predictive powerMore useful in research, but not a personal prediction
Predictive power not establishedNot enough suitable evidence yet
Choose what you want to understand first.
Use this explorer to move by question, health area, marker, or reassurance level rather than reading a database from top to bottom.
Worth checkingUseful if it fitsNo action from DNA aloneBackground only
0 of 103 traits shown
SignalValueArea
LDL cholesterol Higher predictive power >90% Cardiometabolic & Vascular
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for LDL cholesterol.
What this means

LDL cholesterol and ApoB answer different questions. LDL-C measures cholesterol inside LDL particles; ApoB counts all cholesterol-carrying particles that can enter the artery wall.

Those readings often agree, but not always. When each particle carries less cholesterol, LDL-C can look ordinary while ApoB reveals a larger particle number.

What to do with this Worth checking A simple measurement or real-world check could make this finding more useful.
Learn more

A study of 6,814 adults found that, when LDL-C and particle number disagreed, cardiovascular events tracked particle number more closely. Cholesterol content varies from one LDL particle to another.

People who naturally had 1 mmol/L lower LDL-C throughout life experienced 54.5% less coronary disease in one analysis. The comparison suggests years of exposure matter; it does not promise an individual outcome.

A blood test, medication history and family history show the current picture. DNA cannot supply today's LDL-C or decide whether LDL-C, non-HDL cholesterol and ApoB agree.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Osteoporosis Higher predictive power 90th Fitness, Movement, Bone & Pain
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for osteoporosis.
What this means

An inherited osteoporosis tendency is not current bone density or fracture risk. Bone strength reflects density, structure and accumulated exposures.

Osteoporosis can remain unnoticed until fracture. Fractures also depend on falls and clinical risk factors, not bone density alone.

What to do with this Worth checking A simple measurement or real-world check could make this finding more useful.
Learn more

DXA measures areal bone mineral density. It does not capture every aspect of bone quality or an imminent fracture.

Age, prior fragility fracture, menopause, glucocorticoids, body weight and smoking can separate inherited tendency from current fracture risk.

A current fracture-risk assessment combines history and clinical factors, with DXA when indicated. DNA cannot diagnose osteoporosis or predict fracture timing.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Connected plan: Match training levers to injury context This is one of several findings supporting that priority.
Apolipoprotein B Higher predictive power 78th Cardiometabolic & Vascular
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for apolipoprotein B.
What this means

Apolipoprotein B estimates the number of cholesterol-carrying particles that can enter artery walls. It is not the cholesterol amount inside them.

ApoB and LDL cholesterol often move together, but cholesterol content per particle varies. One can therefore look ordinary while the other does not.

What to do with this Worth checking A simple measurement or real-world check could make this finding more useful.
Learn more

ApoB and LDL cholesterol answer related but different questions; neither can be reconstructed from the other perfectly.

Triglyceride-rich states can create more cholesterol-poor particles. This is one reason ApoB may disagree with LDL or non-HDL cholesterol.

A current lipid panel with ApoB shows whether particle number is raised now. DNA cannot provide today's concentration or determine treatment.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Eosinophilic esophagitis Higher predictive power 81st Immune, Inflammation & Allergy
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for eosinophilic esophagitis.
What this means

Eosinophilic oesophagitis is immune-mediated inflammation of the oesophagus. It is not diagnosed by allergy genes or blood eosinophils.

Symptoms and tissue findings must align. The oesophagus can appear nearly normal while biopsies reveal patchy inflammation.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
Learn more

Adults often notice swallowing difficulty or food sticking. Children can show feeding problems, vomiting, or poor growth.

Genes, allergens, and other environmental factors can contribute. Similar inherited tendencies need not produce the same disease.

Current oesophageal symptoms, endoscopy, and biopsies from multiple levels establish present relevance. DNA cannot diagnose eosinophilic oesophagitis.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Type 2 diabetes Lower predictive power >90% Cardiometabolic & Vascular
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for type 2 diabetes.
What this means

Type 2 diabetes develops when glucose regulation cannot meet the body's needs. It may exist before noticeable symptoms appear.

Inherited susceptibility cannot diagnose diabetes or reveal current glucose. Age, body composition, medicines, pregnancy and illness affect interpretation.

What to do with this Worth checking A simple measurement or real-world check could make this finding more useful.
Learn more

Different biological pathways can lead to similar persistent hyperglycaemia. Genetics does not identify one personal mechanism.

HbA1c reflects longer-term glucose exposure, while fasting glucose and an oral glucose tolerance test sample different windows.

Current HbA1c or plasma glucose testing, repeated when confirmation is required, determines whether present values meet diagnostic criteria.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Allergic rhinitis Lower predictive power >90% Immune, Inflammation & Allergy
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for allergic rhinitis.
What this means

Allergic rhinitis is nasal inflammation linked to allergen-specific immune responses. Congestion, sneezing, itching and watery discharge can overlap other rhinitis.

An inherited tendency cannot diagnose active rhinitis, identify an allergen or distinguish allergic from non-allergic symptoms.

What to do with this Useful if it fits Keep this in view only if symptoms, family history, medicines, or screening questions already make it relevant.
Learn more

Rhinitis, asthma and eczema share some genetic architecture. Co-occurrence is possible, but one condition does not prove another.

A positive skin or blood IgE test shows sensitisation. It only supports allergy when exposure and symptoms align.

A current symptom pattern, exposure timing and nasal examination, with targeted allergen testing when needed, determine whether allergic rhinitis fits.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Connected plan: Keep allergy and airway signals clinically grounded This is one of several findings supporting that priority.
HbA1c Lower predictive power >90% Cardiometabolic & Vascular
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for HbA1c.
What this means

HbA1c measures the share of hemoglobin with glucose attached. It is not a direct glucose reading or a purely genetic trait.

It reflects roughly two to three months of glucose exposure, weighted toward recent weeks. Red-cell lifespan also shapes the value.

What to do with this Worth checking A simple measurement or real-world check could make this finding more useful.
Learn more

HbA1c can rise through greater glucose exposure or because red cells behave differently.

Anaemia, blood loss, transfusion, kidney disease and some hemoglobin variants can disturb the glucose-HbA1c relationship.

A current standardised HbA1c, compared with plasma glucose and blood context, shows whether the marker fits. DNA cannot diagnose diabetes.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Triglycerides Moderate predictive power 77th Cardiometabolic & Vascular
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for triglycerides.
What this means

Triglycerides measure fat carried in blood lipoproteins. They are not a particle count or a diagnosis.

The value can change after meals and between days. A reading makes most sense beside sampling context and the wider lipid panel.

What to do with this Worth checking A simple measurement or real-world check could make this finding more useful.
Learn more

A usual meal changes triglycerides more than most other routine lipid measures. Meal timing therefore matters when comparing readings.

Alcohol, recent food, metabolic state, illness and some medicines can shift triglycerides. Similar inherited tendencies can produce different current values.

A current lipid panel, sampling context and repeat measurement when indicated show the present pattern. DNA cannot establish severity or treatment need.

Predictive power Moderate predictive power

Scores like this provide some useful information alongside age, family history, symptoms and health measurements.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

HDL cholesterol Moderate predictive power 25th Cardiometabolic & Vascular
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for HDL cholesterol.
What this means

HDL cholesterol measures cholesterol carried inside HDL particles. It does not measure every HDL function or guarantee protection.

A low value often appears beside higher triglycerides or altered glucose metabolism. A high value still needs the wider lipid context.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
Learn more

Medicines have raised HDL cholesterol without reliably reducing cardiovascular events.

Smoking exposure, activity, medicines and metabolic state can change HDL cholesterol. Similar inherited tendencies can therefore produce different readings.

A current lipid panel, especially triglycerides, non-HDL cholesterol and ApoB, shows the present pattern. DNA cannot establish cardiovascular risk or treatment.

Predictive power Moderate predictive power

Scores like this provide some useful information alongside age, family history, symptoms and health measurements.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Albuminuria / urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio Lower predictive power 89th Liver, Kidney & Urinary Health
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for albuminuria / urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.
What this means

Albuminuria means albumin is present in urine above the expected range. It reflects kidney-filter leakage, not filtration rate itself.

A spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio adjusts for urine concentration. One raised reading may be temporary and does not establish chronic kidney disease.

What to do with this Worth checking A simple measurement or real-world check could make this finding more useful.
Learn more

Albumin leakage and eGFR are separate kidney dimensions. One may be abnormal while the other is not.

Exercise, infection, blood in urine and menstruation can temporarily raise the ratio. Repeated results can therefore differ.

A repeat urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and current eGFR determine present relevance. DNA cannot establish persistent albuminuria or its cause.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Migraine Lower predictive power 85th Fitness, Movement, Bone & Pain
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for migraine.
What this means

Migraine is a neurological disorder, not simply a severe headache. Attacks can combine head pain with nausea, light or sound sensitivity, and temporary neurological symptoms called aura.

With-aura and without-aura migraine overlap, but they are not identical. Large genetic studies find both shared biology and inherited differences between the two forms.

What to do with this Useful if it fits Keep this in view only if symptoms, family history, medicines, or screening questions already make it relevant.
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A study of 102,084 migraine cases found that migraine with aura and without aura share much of their inherited biology, but not all of it. They are related forms, not interchangeable labels.

The study pointed to both nervous-system and blood-vessel biology. Migraine is therefore best understood as a neurovascular disorder rather than a choice between a brain problem and a vascular problem.

Some of the same biological pathways highlighted by genetics are targets of newer migraine medicines. That agreement strengthens the science, but DNA cannot diagnose attacks, select treatment or identify personal triggers.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Asthma Lower predictive power 75th Immune, Inflammation & Allergy
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for asthma.
What this means

Asthma involves variable respiratory symptoms and variable expiratory airflow. DNA cannot show current airway narrowing, control or a specific trigger.

Wheeze, cough, breathlessness and chest tightness can fluctuate. Similar symptoms also occur in other conditions.

What to do with this Useful if it fits Keep this in view only if symptoms, family history, medicines, or screening questions already make it relevant.
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Inherited asthma susceptibility partly overlaps allergic disease, while childhood and adult-onset asthma can have different patterns.

Symptoms alone can misclassify asthma. Objective evidence of variable airflow limitation helps distinguish it from other causes.

Current spirometry with bronchodilator response, or another clinician-selected variability test, determines whether present airway physiology supports asthma.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Connected plan: Build the aerobic base deliberately This is one of several findings supporting that priority.
Serum iron Lower predictive power <10% Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for serum iron.
What this means

Serum iron measures iron circulating on its transport protein in one blood sample. It is not a direct measure of total body iron or stored iron.

The value can change between samples because iron is continually absorbed, recycled and moved. One reading may disagree with ferritin or a blood count.

What to do with this Worth checking A simple measurement or real-world check could make this finding more useful.
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In 20 healthy volunteers, the highest reading occurred at different times between people. Morning iron was higher than afternoon iron in only half.

Between-day variation was as large as within-day variation in that study. Timing alone could not make the test reliably stable.

A repeat iron panel, ferritin, transferrin saturation and a blood count show the current pattern. DNA cannot supply today's serum iron or explain an isolated reading.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Connected plan: Load bone and tendon carefully This is one of several findings supporting that priority.
Serum magnesium Lower predictive power 15th Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for serum magnesium.
What this means

Serum magnesium is the magnesium circulating in blood, not the body's total magnesium store.

A normal-looking serum value can coexist with different tissue stores. Most magnesium sits in bone and cells, beyond that measurement.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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Less than one percent of body magnesium is in serum. Kidneys keep that small circulating pool under tight control.

Food intake, gut absorption, kidney handling, medicines and losses can move present status independently of inherited tendency.

A current serum measurement, intake and medicine history, kidney context and symptoms guide interpretation. DNA cannot show tissue stores or supplement need.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Malaise and fatigue More limited predictive power 85th Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for malaise and fatigue.
What this means

Fatigue is a symptom, not a single disease. A polygenic estimate cannot show whether someone is currently fatigued.

Ordinary tiredness differs from persistent, disabling fatigue with post-exertional worsening. Neither pattern can be diagnosed from common variants.

What to do with this Useful if it fits Keep this in view only if symptoms, family history, medicines, or screening questions already make it relevant.
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Sleep, infection, pain, mood, medicines, anaemia, thyroid function, and metabolic illness can produce similar fatigue.

Population studies often use one recent tiredness question. That phenotype does not equal ME/CFS or explain an individual's symptoms.

Current duration, activity effects, sleep, function, history, examination, and selected tests determine relevance. DNA alone cannot diagnose fatigue's cause.

Predictive power More limited predictive power

Scores like this have provided very little predictive information in research and should not guide decisions on their own.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Connected plan: Check energy availability before adding load This is one of several findings supporting that priority.
Physical activity Lower predictive power <10% Fitness, Movement, Bone & Pain
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for physical activity.
What this means

Physical activity means movement people actually do; fitness means what the body can do. A person can have strong capacity but a sedentary week, or the reverse.

Questionnaires and wrist devices also see different behaviour. Recall captures chosen activities; an accelerometer records movement across work, travel, chores, rest and exercise.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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A week of wrist data from 91,105 people found that inherited influences on movement were real but highly dispersed. The strongest individual DNA findings explained only 0.06% of activity differences.

The study pointed towards the brain as well as the body. That may help explain why being capable of exercise and actually moving through the day are different traits.

One week of device data describes current movement better than DNA. Weather, work, caring duties, illness, access and habit can move activity far beyond an inherited tendency.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Reaction time More limited predictive power 11th Brain, Mood & Stress
Your resultYour DNA score leans towards faster responses on the type of reaction-time task used in this research.
What this means

Reaction time measures speed from a specific stimulus to a specific response. It is not intelligence, judgement or overall cognitive ability.

Sleep loss, distraction, practice and equipment can shift the same person's timing. Small inherited differences may be hidden by these conditions.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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Different tasks emphasise visual detection, decision or motor speed. Their measurements are related, but they are not interchangeable.

Controlled sleep restriction produced cumulative attentional lapses and slower responses. Present sleep can therefore outweigh a modest inherited tendency.

A current repeated, standardised task with sleep and sensory context provides direct evidence. DNA cannot measure intelligence or current performance.

Predictive power More limited predictive power

Scores like this have provided very little predictive information in research and should not guide decisions on their own.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Cardiorespiratory fitness / VO2max More limited predictive power 18th Fitness, Movement, Bone & Pain
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for cardiorespiratory fitness / VO2max.
What this means

VO2max measures the most oxygen the body can use during hard exercise. It combines delivery by the lungs, heart and blood with use by working muscle.

It measures capacity, not activity. Someone may have strong aerobic capacity but seldom use it, while regular training can improve capacity from a modest baseline.

What to do with this Worth checking A simple measurement or real-world check could make this finding more useful.
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In the HERITAGE study, 481 sedentary adults completed the same 20-week endurance programme. Average VO2max rose by about 400 millilitres per minute, but individual change varied widely.

Some people showed little change; others gained more than one litre per minute. Responses clustered within families, suggesting inherited biology affects trainability without predicting who will improve most.

The study included white families and cannot set expectations for everyone. A measured baseline and repeat test after consistent training show personal capacity and change; DNA cannot substitute for either.

Predictive power More limited predictive power

Scores like this have provided very little predictive information in research and should not guide decisions on their own.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Connected plan: Match training levers to injury context This is one of several findings supporting that priority.
Irritable bowel syndrome More limited predictive power >90% Gut, Digestion & Food Response
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for irritable bowel syndrome.
What this means

IBS is a disorder of gut-brain interaction, defined by recurring abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. It is not inflammatory bowel disease.

Constipation, diarrhea or both can occur. The defining clue is the repeated relationship between pain and bowel changes.

What to do with this Useful if it fits Keep this in view only if symptoms, family history, medicines, or screening questions already make it relevant.
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In balloon-distension studies, pressures felt as mild by controls could be painful for people with IBS.

Motility, gut sensitivity, infections and brain-gut signalling can create different symptom patterns between people.

A symptom diary, examination and selected blood or stool tests help assess mimics. DNA cannot confirm IBS or choose a diet.

Predictive power More limited predictive power

Scores like this have provided very little predictive information in research and should not guide decisions on their own.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Constipation More limited predictive power >90% Gut, Digestion & Food Response
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for constipation.
What this means

Constipation means difficult, incomplete or infrequent bowel movements. Frequency alone does not define it.

It can reflect slow colonic movement, difficult evacuation, medicines or another condition. IBS requires recurring abdominal pain linked to bowel changes.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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In a 66-person study, stool form tracked transit changes better than frequency. Harder form generally accompanied slower transit.

Pain and bloating help distinguish IBS with constipation from functional constipation. Transit time alone may not separate them.

Current stool pattern, medicines, bleeding, anaemia, weight change and screening history guide assessment. DNA cannot diagnose the cause or select treatment.

Predictive power More limited predictive power

Scores like this have provided very little predictive information in research and should not guide decisions on their own.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Achilles tendon injury More limited predictive power 61st Fitness, Movement, Bone & Pain
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for achilles tendon injury.
What this means

Achilles tendon injury includes painful tendinopathy and rupture. These related outcomes differ in presentation, urgency and clinical assessment.

Inherited susceptibility cannot show current tendon damage. Training load, age, medicines, previous injury and other health factors can influence risk.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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Genetic studies sometimes combine painful tendinopathy with rupture. Those outcomes still need separate clinical assessment.

Pain location, onset, function and examination help distinguish tendinopathy, rupture and other causes. Imaging is selective rather than automatic.

A current symptom and loading history with physical examination, plus ultrasound or MRI when indicated, determines the present tendon condition.

Predictive power More limited predictive power

Scores like this have provided very little predictive information in research and should not guide decisions on their own.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

ALT Moderate predictive power 46th Liver, Kidney & Urinary Health
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for ALT.
What this means

ALT is an enzyme released when liver cells are injured. It signals cell injury, not overall liver function or a diagnosis.

Many liver conditions and medicines can raise ALT. A normal reading can still coexist with significant liver disease.

What to do with this No action from DNA alone This sits on the calmer side of the report and does not need DNA-led action now.
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The size of an ALT rise does not map neatly to disease severity. Pattern, cause and change over time matter.

AST, ALP, GGT, bilirubin and albumin answer different questions. Their combined pattern can narrow what needs assessment.

A current liver blood panel, medicine history and repeat testing when appropriate determine present relevance. DNA cannot supply today's ALT.

Predictive power Moderate predictive power

Scores like this provide some useful information alongside age, family history, symptoms and health measurements.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Appendicular lean mass Higher predictive power 81st Fitness, Movement, Bone & Pain
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for appendicular lean mass.
What this means

Appendicular lean mass estimates lean tissue in the arms and legs. It is not a direct measure of muscle strength or quality.

Body size, sex, age, training and measurement method shape the value alongside genetics. Similar mass can accompany different function.

What to do with this No action from DNA alone This sits on the calmer side of the report and does not need DNA-led action now.
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Lean tissue quantity and muscle strength can change differently over time. Measuring one cannot substitute for measuring the other.

Current sarcopenia definitions separate strength, muscle quantity and physical performance. Each answers a different question about present function.

Body-composition measurement, grip strength and performance tests show current status. DNA cannot diagnose sarcopenia or prescribe protein intake or training.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

AST Higher predictive power 68th Liver, Kidney & Urinary Health
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for AST.
What this means

AST is an enzyme found in liver and muscle. It is less liver-specific than ALT and does not measure liver function.

Hard exercise or muscle injury can raise AST without a liver cause. The surrounding enzyme pattern helps identify the likely source.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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A raised ‘liver enzyme’ can sometimes be an exercise finding rather than a liver finding.

Alcohol exposure, medicines, liver conditions and recent exercise can create different AST patterns between people.

A current liver blood panel and relevant muscle, medicine and exposure history determine present relevance. DNA cannot supply today's AST.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Atopic dermatitis Higher predictive power 61st Immune, Inflammation & Allergy
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for atopic dermatitis.
What this means

Atopic dermatitis is a recurring inflammatory eczema with itch. It is more than dry skin, and DNA cannot identify an active rash.

A weakened skin barrier and immune inflammation interact. Appearance and body location can change with age and between flare-ups.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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Scratching can damage the barrier further, sustaining an itch-scratch cycle. The cycle reflects active skin biology, not inherited tendency alone.

Barrier differences can raise susceptibility, while immune activity and exposures shape where and when eczema appears.

Current itch, rash pattern, duration, triggers and skin examination determine relevance. No single blood or genetic test establishes the diagnosis.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Body mass index Moderate predictive power 34th Cardiometabolic & Vascular
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for body mass index.
What this means

BMI divides weight by height squared. It works as a population screening measure, but it does not separate fat from muscle or show where fat sits.

BMI can look ordinary despite a larger waist or altered glucose and lipid markers. Muscular people can also have a higher BMI.

What to do with this No action from DNA alone This sits on the calmer side of the report and does not need DNA-led action now.
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Two people with the same BMI can have very different fat distribution, muscle mass and metabolic health.

Appetite, activity, sleep, medicines and surrounding food environments help explain why similar inherited tendencies produce different body sizes.

Current weight, waist measurement and body composition show present relevance. Glucose, blood pressure and lipids provide the metabolic context.

Predictive power Moderate predictive power

Scores like this provide some useful information alongside age, family history, symptoms and health measurements.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Bone density Higher predictive power 72nd Fitness, Movement, Bone & Pain
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for bone density.
What this means

Bone mineral density measures how much mineral sits in a defined area of bone. It helps estimate strength, but it is not the whole of bone quality or fracture risk.

Fractures also depend on falls, bone shape, age, medicines and previous fractures. A dense-looking bone and a fracture-resistant bone are related, not identical.

What to do with this No action from DNA alone This sits on the calmer side of the report and does not need DNA-led action now.
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Genetic findings track bone density much better than they track actual fractures.

Falls, bone shape, age, medicines and previous fractures help explain why similar density can lead to different outcomes.

A current DXA scan, age, fracture history, medicines and fall risk determine present relevance. DNA cannot measure bone strength.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

C-reactive protein Lower predictive power <10% Immune, Inflammation & Allergy
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for c-reactive protein.
What this means

C-reactive protein is a liver-made inflammation marker. It does not identify one disease or cause.

Its blood level can rise after infection, injury, or other inflammation. It can fall as that response settles.

What to do with this No action from DNA alone This sits on the calmer side of the report and does not need DNA-led action now.
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CRP has a fairly constant blood half-life. Its concentration mainly tracks how quickly the liver is producing it.

Recent illness, tissue injury, and other inflammation can shift measured CRP. Similar inherited tendencies can therefore produce different results.

A current CRP measurement, recent health context, and repeat testing when appropriate show whether inflammation is present now. DNA cannot identify its cause.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Celiac disease Moderate predictive power 45th Gut, Digestion & Food Response
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for celiac disease.
What this means

Celiac disease is an immune reaction to gluten that injures the small intestine. It is not the same as wheat intolerance.

Risk-associated HLA types are common and do not diagnose disease. Current antibodies and intestinal findings answer a different question.

What to do with this No action from DNA alone This sits on the calmer side of the report and does not need DNA-led action now.
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Celiac disease is an autoimmune response to gluten, not wheat allergy or ordinary food intolerance.

A first-degree celiac family history or certain autoimmune conditions increase testing relevance. Genetics cannot show whether intestinal injury is present.

Blood testing starts with tTG-IgA and total IgA while gluten remains in the diet. Discuss testing before dietary changes; DNA cannot diagnose.

Predictive power Moderate predictive power

Scores like this provide some useful information alongside age, family history, symptoms and health measurements.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Chronic pain Lower predictive power 15th Fitness, Movement, Bone & Pain
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for chronic pain.
What this means

Chronic pain is a sensory and emotional experience persisting beyond expected recovery. A polygenic estimate cannot confirm or invalidate it.

Pain may persist with or without visible tissue damage. Genetics cannot measure intensity, cause, disability, or legitimacy.

What to do with this No action from DNA alone This sits on the calmer side of the report and does not need DNA-led action now.
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Injury, inflammation, nerves, migraine, joints, sleep, mood, and central processing can create different pain pathways.

Multisite pain studies capture broad susceptibility across heterogeneous experiences. They do not identify one cause for an individual.

Current pain pattern, duration, function, examination, and clinical history determine relevance. DNA alone cannot diagnose chronic pain.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Chronotype Lower predictive power 32nd Sleep & Circadian Rhythm
Your resultYour DNA score leans more towards eveningness than morningness.
What this means

Chronotype is a preference for earlier or later sleep timing. It is distinct from sleep duration and sleep quality.

Circadian biology contributes, while age, light and schedules can shift observed timing. DNA does not set a required bedtime.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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Morning light tends to move the body clock earlier; evening light tends to move it later.

Social jetlag is the mismatch between preferred and required timing. It can occur even when total sleep appears adequate.

A sleep diary across work and free days shows current timing and mismatch. DNA cannot assign a fixed morning-person or evening-person identity.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Cortisol More limited predictive power 31st Sleep & Circadian Rhythm
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for cortisol.
What this means

Cortisol is an adrenal hormone with daily and pulse-like variation. One plasma metabolite phenotype is not a continuous stress reading.

Sampling time, sleep schedule, illness and medicines can change measured cortisol. A random value cannot define chronic stress or circadian phase.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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In ten healthy adults sampled every 15 minutes, cortisol showed circadian and pulse-like variation across 24 hours.

The inherited plasma tendency cannot replace morning, late-night, suppression or urinary testing chosen for different clinical questions.

A current time-defined cortisol test, medicine history and clinical question determine present relevance. DNA cannot establish today's hormone pattern.

Predictive power More limited predictive power

Scores like this have provided very little predictive information in research and should not guide decisions on their own.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Creatine kinase Lower predictive power 68th Fitness, Movement, Bone & Pain
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for creatine kinase.
What this means

Creatine kinase is an intracellular enzyme concentrated in muscle. Blood CK can rise when muscle cells release it.

Genetics can influence typical serum CK through muscle biology and enzyme clearance. It cannot show current injury or exercise recovery.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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After the same eccentric exercise, CK responses varied widely between participants. Soreness and strength changes did not align perfectly.

Recent strenuous exercise, muscle injury and medicines can outweigh inherited background when interpreting one measurement.

A current CK, symptoms, recent exercise, medicine history and repeat testing when indicated determine present relevance.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Cystatin C Lower predictive power 22nd Liver, Kidney & Urinary Health
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for cystatin C.
What this means

Cystatin C is a blood marker used to estimate kidney filtration. It is less muscle-dependent than creatinine, but not a direct GFR measurement.

Its value can clarify a creatinine estimate when muscle mass distorts creatinine. It still needs the wider kidney picture.

What to do with this No action from DNA alone This sits on the calmer side of the report and does not need DNA-led action now.
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Creatinine and cystatin C have different sources of error. Combining them is often more accurate than using either marker alone.

Inflammation, thyroid function, smoking, body composition and some medicines can influence cystatin C beyond filtration. Measured values can therefore differ.

A current combined creatinine-cystatin C eGFR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and clinical context determine present relevance. DNA cannot supply current filtration.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Daytime sleepiness Lower predictive power 62nd Sleep & Circadian Rhythm
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for daytime sleepiness.
What this means

Daytime sleepiness is a tendency to doze, not simply fatigue or low motivation. Fatigue can occur without increased sleep pressure.

Sleep debt, circadian mismatch, fragmented sleep, medicines and illness can feel similar. Genetics cannot identify which explanation applies.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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Feeling sleepy enough to doze differs from feeling exhausted without sleep pressure. That distinction changes which current evidence matters.

Associated variants grouped into sleep-propensity and sleep-fragmentation patterns. Similar daytime sleepiness can therefore arise through different pathways.

Current sleep, schedule, snoring, medicines, naps and unintended dozing guide assessment. DNA cannot diagnose sleep apnea or explain dangerous sleepiness.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Diarrhea More limited predictive power 28th Gut, Digestion & Food Response
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for diarrhea.
What this means

Diarrhea describes loose or watery stools, not a single disease. It differs from IBS when recurring abdominal pain is not prominent.

Short episodes and persistent patterns have different explanations. Stool form can reveal transit better than frequency alone.

What to do with this No action from DNA alone This sits on the calmer side of the report and does not need DNA-led action now.
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In a controlled transit study, looser stool form accompanied faster movement through the gut. Frequency was a weaker guide.

Persistent watery diarrhea can reflect celiac disease, Giardia infection, bile-acid diarrhea or inflammation. Similar stools can therefore have different causes.

Duration, stool form, exposures, medicines, hydration, bleeding, weight change and nocturnal symptoms guide testing. DNA cannot identify the cause or treatment.

Predictive power More limited predictive power

Scores like this have provided very little predictive information in research and should not guide decisions on their own.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Eosinophil count Moderate predictive power 17th Immune, Inflammation & Allergy
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for eosinophil count.
What this means

Eosinophil count measures these cells in blood. It does not measure allergy severity or all eosinophils within tissues.

A raised count can accompany allergy, parasites, medicine reactions, or other conditions. It does not identify the cause.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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Eosinophils follow a daily rhythm, often falling in the morning and rising later. Sampling time can change the number.

Corticosteroids can lower blood eosinophils quickly. Exposure, infection, and treatment can make similar inherited tendencies look different.

A current absolute eosinophil count, symptoms, exposure and medicine history, and repeat testing show present relevance. DNA cannot diagnose allergy.

Predictive power Moderate predictive power

Scores like this provide some useful information alongside age, family history, symptoms and health measurements.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Estimated glomerular filtration rate Lower predictive power 50th Liver, Kidney & Urinary Health
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for estimated glomerular filtration rate.
What this means

eGFR estimates one kidney function: filtration. It is calculated from blood markers and is not a direct measurement of all kidney functions.

Creatinine-based eGFR can shift with muscle mass, diet and some medicines. The number therefore contains biological and equation uncertainty.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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Kidney assessment has two axes: filtration and albumin leakage. One can change while the other remains normal.

Cystatin C has different non-filtration influences from creatinine. Combining both markers usually brings the estimate closer to measured GFR.

A current eGFR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and repeat testing when indicated determine present relevance. DNA cannot establish current kidney function.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Fasting glucose Higher predictive power 41st Cardiometabolic & Vascular
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for fasting glucose.
What this means

Fasting glucose measures blood glucose after at least eight hours without calories. It is not an average of previous months.

It can miss higher glucose after meals. HbA1c and an oral glucose-tolerance test answer different questions.

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Fasting glucose varies more within one person than HbA1c. A single borderline reading may not represent a stable pattern.

Recent illness, stress, activity, medicines and sample handling can change the value. Similar inherited tendencies can therefore look different.

A current laboratory measurement, repeated when indicated, plus HbA1c or glucose-tolerance testing shows the present pattern. DNA cannot diagnose diabetes.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Ferritin Lower predictive power 40th Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for ferritin.
What this means

Ferritin reflects stored iron, but it also responds to inflammation. A normal or high value is not always proof that usable iron is plentiful.

A low value strongly supports depleted stores. A high value has several possible meanings, including inflammation, liver disease and iron overload.

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Low ferritin usually suggests depleted stores; high ferritin can reflect inflammation, liver disease or iron loading.

Inflammation, liver conditions and iron loading can raise ferritin through different routes, even when stored iron is not depleted.

Current ferritin, transferrin saturation, inflammation markers, liver context and a blood count decide what the value means. DNA cannot establish current stores or treatment need.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Folate Lower predictive power 53rd Nutrients & Methylation
Your resultYour DNA score sits near the middle of the comparison group for folate.
What this means

An inherited folate tendency is not a current folate level. Folate status also reflects recent intake, absorption, medicines and life stage.

Serum folate can change after recent food. Red-cell folate reflects a longer period, so the two measurements answer different questions.

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Folate carries one-carbon units needed to make DNA and red blood cells. Its role is broader than one popular gene.

Food fortification, alcohol exposure, absorption and medicines can separate similar inherited tendencies from measured status.

Current serum or red-cell folate and intake history show present status. DNA cannot establish deficiency or determine supplement need.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Food allergy More limited predictive power 35th Gut, Digestion & Food Response
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for food allergy.
What this means

Food allergy is an immune reaction to a specific food. It is not the same as sensitisation, intolerance, or preference.

A positive skin or blood IgE test can show sensitisation without proving reactions when that food is eaten.

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Allergy patterns do not pass through families as simple food lists. Genes can influence susceptibility without naming the trigger.

Exposure, skin barrier, immune development, and other influences shape outcomes. Similar inherited tendencies can lead to different allergies or none.

Current reaction history and targeted testing determine present relevance. Unclear cases may require a medically supervised food challenge. DNA cannot diagnose food allergy.

Predictive power More limited predictive power

Scores like this have provided very little predictive information in research and should not guide decisions on their own.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease More limited predictive power 13th Gut, Digestion & Food Response
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for gastroesophageal reflux disease.
What this means

GERD is repeated stomach-content reflux causing troublesome symptoms or esophageal injury. It is not simply too much acid.

The barrier between stomach and esophagus allows reflux episodes. Acid matters because the esophagus lacks the stomach's protection.

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Occasional reflux is common; disease depends on symptom burden or complications. Endoscopy can be normal despite clinically important reflux.

Heartburn and regurgitation are typical, but chest discomfort has other causes. Swallowing difficulty, bleeding, persistent vomiting or weight loss need review.

Current symptoms, medicines, response history and sometimes endoscopy or reflux monitoring establish relevance. DNA cannot diagnose reflux or prescribe acid suppression.

Predictive power More limited predictive power

Scores like this have provided very little predictive information in research and should not guide decisions on their own.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

GGT Higher predictive power 24th Liver, Kidney & Urinary Health
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for GGT.
What this means

GGT is an enzyme found in the liver and several other organs. It is not a specific diagnosis or liver-function measure.

GGT can support a liver source when alkaline phosphatase is raised. On its own, it cannot show why the value changed.

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GGT is not found in bone. That makes it useful when alkaline phosphatase could come from either liver or bone.

Alcohol exposure, body composition and medicines can alter GGT. Similar inherited tendencies can therefore produce different measured values.

A current GGT, alkaline phosphatase, wider liver panel and relevant history determine present relevance. DNA cannot supply today's GGT.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Gout Lower predictive power 73rd Fitness, Movement, Bone & Pain
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for gout.
What this means

Gout is inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate crystals. It is not identical to raised serum urate.

Many people with high urate never develop gout. Urate can also be normal during an acute flare.

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Genes often influence how kidneys and other tissues handle urate. They do not show whether crystals are present today.

Kidney function, medicines, alcohol, diet, body composition, and illness can change urate or flares. Similar inherited tendencies need not match.

Current joint symptoms, examination, serum urate, and sometimes joint-fluid microscopy or imaging determine present relevance. DNA cannot diagnose gout.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Hand grip strength Higher predictive power 61st Fitness, Movement, Bone & Pain
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for hand grip strength.
What this means

Hand grip strength is force measured with a dynamometer. It is a practical strength marker, not a complete measure of fitness or independence.

Hand pain, nerve function, technique, age, sex and body size affect the measurement. Genetics is only one contributor.

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Grip combines force from muscles, nerves and joints. One hand measurement cannot capture balance, endurance or power.

In 139,691 adults across 17 countries, lower grip tracked poorer health outcomes. This observational association does not prove grip weakness caused them.

Repeated dynamometer and functional tests show current strength and change. DNA cannot diagnose frailty or choose a training load.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Heart-rate variability Lower predictive power 74th Cardiometabolic & Vascular
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for heart-rate variability.
What this means

Heart-rate variability describes changing intervals between beats. It is different from average heart rate and from an irregular-rhythm diagnosis.

RMSSD, SDNN and device summaries describe different features. Their values are not interchangeable, and higher is not always better.

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Two people can share the same average heart rate while having very different variation between successive beats.

Breathing, posture, sleep, time and recording length affect HRV. Comparing repeated readings requires a consistent metric and setting.

One device, metric and routine can show current trends. DNA cannot diagnose autonomic dysfunction or prescribe recovery or training.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Hematocrit Moderate predictive power 55th Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits near the middle of the comparison group for hematocrit.
What this means

Hematocrit is the fraction of blood volume occupied by red cells. It is not the same measurement as hemoglobin or red-cell count.

Because whole blood is the denominator, plasma volume matters. Fluid loss can concentrate the sample, while plasma expansion can dilute it.

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Hematocrit can move without the body gaining or losing red cells. A change in the liquid part of blood can shift the percentage.

Red-cell number and average cell size both shape hematocrit. Mean corpuscular volume helps explain which part of that pattern changed.

A current blood count and repeat measurement show the present pattern. DNA cannot establish dehydration, anaemia or excess red-cell production.

Predictive power Moderate predictive power

Scores like this provide some useful information alongside age, family history, symptoms and health measurements.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Hemoglobin Lower predictive power 78th Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for hemoglobin.
What this means

Hemoglobin measures the oxygen-carrying protein in blood. It is not a direct measure of iron stores, and iron depletion can exist before hemoglobin falls.

Hemoglobin helps define anaemia, but not its cause. Ferritin, transferrin saturation and red-cell indices help separate iron restriction from other patterns.

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Red cells circulate for months, so hemoglobin reflects accumulated production and loss. It is not a reading of today's food or supplement intake.

Two people with the same hemoglobin can have different red-cell sizes and iron stores. The surrounding blood-count pattern explains more than the headline value.

A current blood count, ferritin, transferrin saturation and relevant history show whether oxygen-carrying capacity needs assessment. DNA cannot establish anaemia or its cause.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Hepcidin Lower predictive power >90% Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for hepcidin.
What this means

Hepcidin controls how much iron enters the bloodstream. It is not a measure of how much iron the body stores.

When hepcidin rises, the gut absorbs less iron and storage cells release less. Ferritin and circulating iron can then disagree.

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Hepcidin binds the protein that exports iron and pulls it inside the cell. Less iron then reaches the bloodstream.

Inflammation can raise hepcidin even when iron stores are not abundant. This can lower circulating iron while ferritin stays normal or rises.

Current ferritin, transferrin saturation, inflammation markers and a blood count show whether iron is available now. DNA cannot show current iron status or supplement need.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Homocysteine Moderate predictive power 71st Nutrients & Methylation
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for homocysteine.
What this means

Homocysteine is a measured amino-acid intermediate. It is not a direct test of one vitamin deficiency or cardiovascular disease.

Folate and vitamin B12 help recycle it, while kidney function also influences its blood concentration.

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A lower biomarker is not automatically a better clinical outcome. A large vitamin trial lowered homocysteine without reducing its primary cardiovascular outcome.

Vitamin status, kidney function, medicines, age, and genetics can change homocysteine. Similar inherited tendencies can therefore produce different results.

A current homocysteine measurement, kidney function, blood count, nutrient tests, medicines, and diet provide the present context. DNA cannot prescribe supplements.

Predictive power Moderate predictive power

Scores like this provide some useful information alongside age, family history, symptoms and health measurements.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Hypothyroidism Lower predictive power <10% Hormones, Thyroid & Reproductive Health
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for hypothyroidism.
What this means

Hypothyroidism means the thyroid does not provide enough hormone for the body's needs. It is not synonymous with tiredness, weight change or low mood.

Overt primary hypothyroidism usually combines raised TSH with low free T4. Subclinical, central and pregnancy patterns require different interpretation.

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TSH can rise before free T4 falls, so early and overt hypothyroidism produce different biochemical patterns.

Autoimmunity, thyroid surgery, medicines, iodine exposure and pituitary disease can create different patterns. Similar symptoms can have non-thyroid causes.

Current TSH and free T4, interpreted with symptoms, medicines and life stage, provide direct evidence. DNA cannot diagnose hypothyroidism or select treatment.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

This does not establish fertility or sexual function; lived experience and clinical assessment come first.
Insomnia Lower predictive power <10% Sleep & Circadian Rhythm
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for insomnia.
What this means

Insomnia means repeated difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep or waking too early, together with daytime effects. One bad night after stress is not the same condition.

Sleep duration and insomnia are not interchangeable. Someone can spend enough hours in bed yet wake often, sleep lightly or feel unrefreshed.

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Insomnia biology points toward wakefulness as much as sleep: inherited patterns involve brain cells that regulate arousal.

The brain areas highlighted help regulate arousal, sleep timing and awareness of internal sensations. That may help explain the experience of feeling tired while the mind and body remain alert.

A two-week diary records bedtime, awakenings, wake time and daytime function. DNA cannot establish whether insomnia is present or identify causes such as pain, medication, shift work or sleep apnoea.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Lactate Lower predictive power 35th Fitness, Movement, Bone & Pain
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for lactate.
What this means

An inherited lactate tendency is not a current blood lactate concentration. Lactate is a circulating fuel, not simply metabolic waste.

Blood lactate can rise during hard exercise or illness. One value reflects production, use, clearance and sampling conditions.

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Cells make lactate even when oxygen is available. Other tissues can burn it or recycle its carbon into glucose.

Recent exercise, blood flow, liver and kidney clearance, medicines and acute illness can separate inherited tendency from measured lactate.

A current lactate measurement needs timing, sample type, recent activity and clinical context. DNA cannot identify lactic acidosis or its cause.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Liver fat Lower predictive power 33rd Liver, Kidney & Urinary Health
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for liver fat.
What this means

Liver fat means excess triglyceride stored inside liver cells. It is not the same as liver inflammation, fibrosis or cirrhosis.

Liver enzymes can be normal despite steatosis, and raised enzymes can have other causes. Genetics cannot resolve either difference.

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Imaging estimates current fat, while stiffness tests and blood-based indices assess fibrosis. Fat and scarring are related but distinct.

Metabolic health, body-fat distribution, alcohol, medicines and inherited biology can contribute. Similar genetic tendencies can produce different liver findings.

Current liver chemistry, appropriate imaging and fibrosis assessment provide direct evidence. DNA cannot measure today's liver fat or liver injury.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin Higher predictive power 81st Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for mean corpuscular hemoglobin.
What this means

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin is the average amount of hemoglobin inside one red cell. It is not hemoglobin concentration or total blood hemoglobin.

The value often moves with cell size because larger cells can carry more hemoglobin. A lower value can be one clue to iron-restricted red-cell production.

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MCH asks how much hemoglobin each cell carries. MCHC asks how densely that hemoglobin is packed inside the cell.

MCH can fall before MCV and may be a more sensitive iron-restriction clue. It still cannot identify the cause by itself.

A current blood count, ferritin, transferrin saturation and clinical context show whether the pattern matters. DNA cannot establish anaemia, deficiency or treatment need.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Mean corpuscular volume Higher predictive power 61st Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for mean corpuscular volume.
What this means

Mean corpuscular volume is the average size of a red blood cell. It is not an iron test or a diagnosis by itself.

A smaller average can accompany iron restriction. Chronic disease and some inherited hemoglobin conditions can produce a similar pattern.

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Small cells do not automatically mean low iron. MCV loses specificity when chronic disease or an inherited hemoglobin condition is present.

Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency can mask the smaller-cell pattern of iron restriction. Similar MCV values need not share one cause.

A current blood count, ferritin and any indicated follow-up tests show what the cell-size pattern means. DNA cannot diagnose deficiency or a blood disorder.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Memory performance Lower predictive power 62nd Brain, Mood & Stress
Your resultYour DNA score sits near the middle of the comparison group for memory performance.
What this means

Memory performance describes how someone performs on a defined task. It is not intelligence, identity, or a neurodegenerative diagnosis.

Tests measure immediate recall, learning, working memory, or delayed recall. A polygenic estimate cannot replace actual performance.

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Memory varies with sleep, stress, attention, mood, language, education, medicines, and testing conditions.

Large studies find many tiny genetic contributions. Their group averages cannot define an individual's ability or future decline.

Current change, daily function, personal concerns, informant history, and validated cognitive assessment determine relevance. DNA alone cannot diagnose impairment.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Neutrophil count Moderate predictive power 85th Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for neutrophil count.
What this means

Neutrophil count measures cells circulating in the sample. It does not count every neutrophil stored or working in tissues.

A changed count can reflect rapid redistribution as well as altered production or use. One measurement does not identify the cause.

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Some neutrophils temporarily cling to vessel walls. Stress hormones or corticosteroids can release more into circulation without creating new cells.

Infection, medicines, smoking, and inherited background can shift the measured baseline. Similar genetic tendencies can therefore look different.

A current absolute neutrophil count, repeat measurements, medicines, and infection history show whether the pattern matters. DNA alone cannot establish neutropenia.

Predictive power Moderate predictive power

Scores like this provide some useful information alongside age, family history, symptoms and health measurements.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Non-HDL cholesterol Higher predictive power 53rd Cardiometabolic & Vascular
Your resultYour DNA score sits near the middle of the comparison group for Non-HDL cholesterol.
What this means

Non-HDL cholesterol is total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol. It captures cholesterol outside HDL, including LDL and remnant particles.

It is broader than LDL cholesterol but still measures cholesterol cargo, not particle number. ApoB can therefore add different information.

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The calculation includes cholesterol in LDL, remnant particles and lipoprotein(a). It needs no extra assay beyond a standard lipid panel.

When triglycerides rise, particles can carry different amounts of cholesterol. Non-HDL cholesterol and ApoB may then disagree.

A current lipid panel with non-HDL cholesterol and ApoB when appropriate shows the present burden. DNA cannot provide today's value or treatment decision.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Lower predictive power 70th Liver, Kidney & Urinary Health
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
What this means

An inherited fatty-liver tendency is not current liver fat or scarring. The condition is now commonly called metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

MASLD requires liver steatosis plus a cardiometabolic risk factor, after considering other causes. Routine liver enzymes can be normal despite disease.

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Liver fat and fibrosis are different questions. Fibrosis is more closely tied to long-term liver outcomes and needs separate assessment.

Body composition, diabetes, blood lipids, alcohol exposure, medicines and other liver conditions can separate inherited tendency from present disease.

Current liver tests, metabolic measurements, imaging and clinician-selected fibrosis assessment resolve present status. DNA cannot diagnose steatosis or fibrosis.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Osteoarthritis Moderate predictive power 20th Fitness, Movement, Bone & Pain
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for osteoarthritis.
What this means

An inherited osteoarthritis tendency is not current joint damage or pain. Osteoarthritis is a whole-joint condition, not simple wear and tear.

Diagnosis is often clinical rather than scan-led. Imaging severity and symptoms do not always move together.

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Cartilage is only one part of osteoarthritis. Bone, synovium, ligaments and muscle can all shape symptoms and function.

Age, previous injury, alignment, joint loading and muscle function can separate inherited tendency from present joint problems.

Current symptoms, physical function, joint examination and injury history establish present relevance. DNA cannot diagnose osteoarthritis or explain current pain.

Predictive power Moderate predictive power

Scores like this provide some useful information alongside age, family history, symptoms and health measurements.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Platelet count Higher predictive power 40th Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for platelet count.
What this means

Platelet count measures how many platelets circulate. It does not directly test platelet function or prove normal clotting.

A changed count can be temporary and reactive. Infection, inflammation, iron deficiency, or tissue injury may raise it.

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Platelets can clump inside a collection tube and produce a falsely low count. A repeat sample can resolve that artefact.

Iron status, inflammation, infection, medicines, and spleen function can alter the count. Similar inherited tendencies can therefore diverge.

A current blood count, previous results, medicines, bleeding or bruising, and relevant follow-up show whether the count matters. DNA cannot identify its cause.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Red blood cell count Moderate predictive power 75th Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for red blood cell count.
What this means

Red blood cell count measures cell number in a blood volume. It is not hemoglobin concentration or total red-cell mass.

Two people with the same count can have cells with different sizes and hemoglobin contents. Oxygen-carrying capacity can therefore differ.

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Red-cell count is a concentration. Plasma-volume changes can shift it without an equal change in total red-cell mass.

Altitude, hydration, production, and cell loss can change the measured count. Similar inherited tendencies need not look alike.

A current blood count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red-cell indices, and relevant history show whether the pattern matters. DNA cannot establish its cause.

Predictive power Moderate predictive power

Scores like this provide some useful information alongside age, family history, symptoms and health measurements.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Resting heart rate Lower predictive power 21st Cardiometabolic & Vascular
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for resting heart rate.
What this means

Resting heart rate counts beats each minute while awake and resting. It is not heart-rate variability or a complete fitness measure.

Posture, recent activity, stress, illness, caffeine and medicines can move the reading. Similar inherited tendencies can therefore look different.

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Two people can share the same average rate while having different beat-to-beat variation. Resting rate and heart-rate variability answer different questions.

Exercise training can lower resting rate on average, while infection can raise it temporarily. Context matters more than one isolated reading.

Current repeated resting measurements, symptoms and medicine context provide direct evidence. DNA cannot detect an arrhythmia or set a personal target.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Restless legs syndrome Lower predictive power 33rd Sleep & Circadian Rhythm
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for restless legs syndrome.
What this means

Restless legs syndrome is an urge to move the legs with uncomfortable sensations. It is not ordinary fidgeting or a leg cramp.

Symptoms worsen at rest, improve with movement and peak in the evening or night. That pattern matters diagnostically.

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Temporary relief with movement is part of the condition's definition, not merely a coping habit. Symptoms often return when rest resumes.

Iron status, pregnancy, kidney disease and medicines can produce or worsen similar symptoms. Genetics cannot identify which factor applies.

Current timing, movement relief, sleep disruption, medicines and iron studies determine relevance. DNA cannot diagnose restless legs syndrome.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Serum albumin Lower predictive power 86th Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for serum albumin.
What this means

Serum albumin measures a circulating protein made by the liver. It is not a simple measure of protein intake or liver-cell injury.

A low value can reflect reduced production, inflammation, dilution, or protein loss. One reading cannot identify the cause.

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Albumin changes more slowly than injury enzymes. This makes it better suited to broader context than sudden liver-cell injury.

Illness, inflammation, fluid balance and protein loss can outweigh inherited influences. Similar genetic tendencies can therefore produce different results.

A current serum albumin, liver and kidney tests, urine albumin and clinical context determine present relevance. DNA cannot show current protein balance.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Serum total protein Lower predictive power 71st Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for serum total protein.
What this means

An inherited total-protein tendency is not a current concentration. Serum total protein combines albumin and globulins.

It does not directly measure dietary protein, nutrition or muscle mass. Plasma water and either protein fraction can move the concentration.

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Albumin can fall while globulins rise, leaving the total deceptively steady. The separate fractions reveal that exchange.

Hydration, inflammation, liver synthesis and kidney or gut losses can separate inherited tendency from a current measurement.

Current total protein, albumin, globulin and relevant history show the present pattern. DNA cannot identify nutrition status or an abnormal value's cause.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Serum urate Moderate predictive power 53rd Fitness, Movement, Bone & Pain
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for serum urate.
What this means

Serum urate measures dissolved urate in blood. It is not the same as urate crystals or a gout diagnosis.

A higher level increases crystal risk, but many people never develop gout. Symptoms and crystal evidence are separate questions.

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Humans lost functional uricase, leaving us with higher urate than many other mammals.

Kidney excretion, medicines, alcohol, diet and metabolic state can change urate. Similar inherited tendencies can therefore lead to different levels.

A current serum urate, kidney function, medicine history and any flare pattern show whether this matters now. DNA cannot diagnose gout or set treatment.

Predictive power Moderate predictive power

Scores like this provide some useful information alongside age, family history, symptoms and health measurements.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Sex hormone-binding globulin Higher predictive power 82nd Hormones, Thyroid & Reproductive Health
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for sex hormone-binding globulin.
What this means

SHBG is a liver-made binding protein, not a sex hormone. It changes how total testosterone relates to unbound hormone.

An inherited tendency cannot show a current SHBG value. Liver, thyroid, metabolic, medicine, age, and hormonal contexts can shift it.

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Two people can share total testosterone but differ in available hormone when SHBG differs. Paired interpretation is therefore more informative.

SHBG and testosterone share some genetic influences, while their architecture differs by sex. DNA does not fix either concentration.

Current measured SHBG, total and free testosterone, symptoms, medicines, liver, thyroid, and metabolic context provide the direct check.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

This does not establish fertility or sexual function; lived experience and clinical assessment come first.
Sleep apnea Lower predictive power 58th Sleep & Circadian Rhythm
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for sleep apnea.
What this means

Sleep apnea means repeated breathing reductions or pauses during sleep. Loud snoring alone does not establish it.

Obstructive apnea involves upper-airway collapse; central apnea involves reduced breathing drive. Genetics cannot identify either pattern.

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Loud snoring can occur without apnea, while clinically important apnea is not always dramatically loud.

Airway anatomy, body size, age, sleep stage, alcohol and sedating medicines modify expression. Similar susceptibility can produce different severity.

Witnessed pauses, gasping, sleepiness and an appropriate sleep study determine relevance. DNA cannot diagnose apnea or measure its severity.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Sleep duration Lower predictive power >90% Sleep & Circadian Rhythm
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for sleep duration.
What this means

Sleep duration is the total time spent asleep. It is not time in bed, sleep quality or daytime restoration.

Schedules, caregiving, illness and sleep opportunity can obscure an inherited tendency. Self-report and sensors can also produce different estimates.

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Accelerometers estimate sleep from movement, while diaries record remembered timing. The two methods overlap, but they do not measure identically.

Age, work schedules, light, activity and health all influence sleep duration. Similar inherited tendencies can therefore appear differently.

A current sleep diary or validated measurement, considered alongside daytime function, provides direct evidence. DNA cannot define one person's sleep need.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Sleep efficiency More limited predictive power 67th Sleep & Circadian Rhythm
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for sleep efficiency.
What this means

Sleep efficiency is time asleep divided by time in bed. It is not total sleep duration or a measure of restoration.

The same sleep duration can have different efficiencies when time in bed changes. Devices and diaries may also disagree.

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Different definitions use different starting and ending points for time in bed. The denominator can materially change the calculated percentage.

Actigraphy detects movement rather than sleep itself. Quiet wakefulness may therefore be counted as sleep, especially when sleep is disrupted.

A current sleep diary or validated assessment, paired with daytime symptoms, provides direct evidence. DNA cannot diagnose insomnia or another sleep disorder.

Predictive power More limited predictive power

Scores like this have provided very little predictive information in research and should not guide decisions on their own.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Snoring Moderate predictive power 29th Sleep & Circadian Rhythm
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for snoring.
What this means

Snoring is sound from vibrating upper-airway tissues during sleep. It is not the same as obstructive sleep apnoea.

Snoring may be occasional or frequent. Sleep position, nasal blockage, alcohol, body size and sleep stage can change it.

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Snoring alone cannot show breathing pauses, airflow reduction or oxygen changes. Those features require appropriate sleep assessment.

Questionnaires record whether snoring is noticed, so partners and recall influence observation. They do not measure airway obstruction.

Current witnessed pauses, gasping, daytime sleepiness and appropriate sleep testing provide direct evidence. DNA cannot diagnose obstructive sleep apnoea.

Predictive power Moderate predictive power

Scores like this provide some useful information alongside age, family history, symptoms and health measurements.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Stool frequency More limited predictive power 60th Gut, Digestion & Food Response
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for stool frequency.
What this means

Stool frequency counts bowel movements over time. It is not stool form, urgency, gut transit or a diagnosis.

The same frequency can accompany very different stool forms and symptoms. A diary can reveal those distinctions.

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How often someone goes is a poor shortcut for gut transit; stool form may be more informative.

In a transit study, frequency was a poor substitute for measured gut transit. Stool form added different, still incomplete information.

A current diary of frequency, form and symptoms provides direct evidence. DNA cannot diagnose constipation, diarrhoea or bowel disease.

Predictive power More limited predictive power

Scores like this have provided very little predictive information in research and should not guide decisions on their own.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Tinnitus Lower predictive power <10% Skin, Eyes, Oral & Sensory Health
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for tinnitus.
What this means

Tinnitus is hearing sound without an external source. It may be ringing, buzzing, hissing or another sound.

Inherited susceptibility cannot show current tinnitus or its cause. Hearing change, noise exposure, medicines and symptom pattern provide important context.

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Tinnitus can be pulsatile or non-pulsatile, one-sided or bilateral, intermittent or persistent. Those distinctions change clinical assessment.

Hearing loss often accompanies tinnitus, but the two are not identical. Audiological assessment can identify hearing changes needing separate interpretation.

A current ear examination, hearing assessment and symptom history determine whether tinnitus is present and which further evaluation fits.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Total bilirubin Higher predictive power >90% Liver, Kidney & Urinary Health
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for total bilirubin.
What this means

An inherited total-bilirubin tendency is not current jaundice or liver disease. Total bilirubin combines conjugated and unconjugated fractions.

Those fractions arise at different steps in red-cell breakdown, liver conjugation and bile flow. Total concentration cannot identify the step.

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A mildly raised bilirubin can reflect slower inherited processing rather than liver damage.

Fasting, illness, medicines, haemolysis and liver or bile-duct conditions can separate inherited tendency from present bilirubin.

A repeat fractionated bilirubin, liver enzymes, blood count and haemolysis markers resolve current context. Symptoms and clinician assessment determine significance.

Predictive power Higher predictive power

Scores like this have been more useful in research, but they still cannot predict what will happen to one person.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Total cholesterol Moderate predictive power 13th Cardiometabolic & Vascular
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for total cholesterol.
What this means

Total cholesterol adds cholesterol carried by several lipoprotein classes. It does not show which particles carry that cholesterol.

The same total can combine higher HDL with lower non-HDL cholesterol, or the reverse. Those patterns do not mean the same thing.

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Total cholesterol can stay unchanged while cholesterol shifts between lipoprotein classes. The headline number can therefore hide a meaningful pattern.

Meals usually change total cholesterol little, but medicines and metabolic state can alter its components. Similar totals can arise differently.

A current full lipid panel, with ApoB when appropriate, shows where the cholesterol sits now. DNA cannot provide today's value or treatment decision.

Predictive power Moderate predictive power

Scores like this provide some useful information alongside age, family history, symptoms and health measurements.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Total IgE Lower predictive power 66th Immune, Inflammation & Allergy
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for total IgE.
What this means

Total IgE measures all IgE antibodies together. It does not identify a specific trigger or prove a clinical allergy.

A low total does not rule out sensitisation. A high total still does not identify the trigger.

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Allergy requires both sensitisation and relevant symptoms after exposure. An IgE test alone answers only part of that question.

Age, smoking exposure, and other immune conditions can alter total IgE. Similar inherited tendencies need not yield matching levels.

A current total IgE measurement, allergy-focused history, and targeted skin or specific-IgE testing show present relevance. DNA cannot identify an allergen.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Total testosterone Moderate predictive power 40th Hormones, Thyroid & Reproductive Health
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for total testosterone.
What this means

Total testosterone measures bound plus unbound hormone; it is not a direct measure of free testosterone, fertility, or masculinity.

An inherited tendency cannot show today's concentration. Time, illness, sleep, nutrition, medicines, body composition, and SHBG can shift it.

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Testosterone usually peaks earlier in the day, especially in younger adults. One measurement can therefore misrepresent the usual pattern.

Low testosterone becomes clinically meaningful only beside compatible symptoms and repeated measurements. Hormone values do not define identity or worth.

Current repeated morning measurements, SHBG or free testosterone when relevant, symptoms, and clinical history provide the direct check.

Predictive power Moderate predictive power

Scores like this provide some useful information alongside age, family history, symptoms and health measurements.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

This does not establish fertility or sexual function; lived experience and clinical assessment come first.
Transferrin saturation Lower predictive power 51st Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for transferrin saturation.
What this means

Transferrin saturation is the share of iron-carrying sites filled in a blood sample. It is not the same as ferritin, which reflects storage and inflammation.

The percentage depends on both circulating iron and carrying capacity. A change on either side can move the reading.

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Transferrin saturation is a ratio, not a direct count of stored iron. That makes it useful when ferritin and circulating iron tell different stories.

Inflammation can change iron movement and its transport proteins. The same percentage can therefore need different interpretation in a different clinical setting.

A repeat iron panel, ferritin, inflammation markers and a blood count show whether the pattern persists. DNA cannot diagnose deficiency or overload from this tendency.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Urine riboflavin (B2) Predictive power not established 46th Nutrients & Methylation
Your resultYour DNA score sits near the middle of the comparison group for urine riboflavin (B2).
What this means

Urine riboflavin reflects B2 excretion, not tissue stores or homocysteine. A spot concentration also changes with urine dilution.

Once riboflavin status approaches saturation, more appears in urine. Visible urine colour cannot quantify deficiency or adequacy.

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The erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficient measures a red-cell enzyme response. It differs from urinary excretion.

Recent fortified-food or supplement intake, exercise, hydration and kidney handling can separate inherited tendency from measured urinary riboflavin.

When clinically relevant, record collection duration, timing, recent intake and urine dilution. A clinician can select urinary excretion or the red-cell marker.

Predictive power Predictive power not established

Research has not yet established how much predictive information scores like this provide.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Urticaria More limited predictive power 36th Immune, Inflammation & Allergy
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the lower end of the comparison group for urticaria.
What this means

Urticaria produces itchy raised wheals, angioedema or both. Individual wheals usually fade within 24 hours without leaving marks.

Inherited susceptibility cannot show current hives or identify a trigger. Chronic spontaneous urticaria often lacks one obvious external allergen.

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Acute urticaria lasts up to six weeks; chronic urticaria recurs beyond that. Duration changes the diagnostic approach.

Lesions lasting longer, bruising or systemic symptoms can suggest another condition. Photos help when wheals disappear before examination.

A current symptom timeline, lesion photographs, medicine and exposure history, plus physical examination, determine whether urticaria fits.

Predictive power More limited predictive power

Scores like this have provided very little predictive information in research and should not guide decisions on their own.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Vitamin B12 level Lower predictive power 85th Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for vitamin B12 level.
What this means

An inherited B12-level tendency is not current deficiency, anaemia or nerve damage. Total serum B12 measures circulating cobalamin, not cellular function.

A normal blood count does not exclude B12 deficiency. Total or active B12 can need functional context when values are indeterminate.

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The body can store enough B12 for symptoms to appear years after absorption begins declining.

Diet, stomach or ileal absorption, medicines and prior surgery can separate inherited tendency from current B12 state.

Current assessment can combine symptoms, blood count, total or active B12, and clinician-selected methylmalonic acid. Kidney function helps interpret methylmalonic acid.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Vitamin B6 / pyridoxine Lower predictive power 56th Nutrients & Methylation
Your resultYour DNA score sits near the middle of the comparison group for vitamin B6 / pyridoxine.
What this means

An inherited vitamin B6 tendency is not a current PLP measurement. Vitamin B6 is a family of compounds, not pyridoxine alone.

Pyridoxine from foods or supplements enters the body's wider B6 pool. Absorption, kidney function and inflammation can alter the measured value.

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PLP is an active coenzyme form. It supports more than 100 enzyme reactions, especially amino-acid metabolism.

Diet, supplement exposure, absorption, medicines, kidney function and inflammation can separate inherited tendency from current PLP.

A current plasma PLP measurement plus intake and medicine history shows present relevance. DNA cannot establish deficiency or supplement need.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Vitamin D level Lower predictive power >90% Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for vitamin D level.
What this means

An inherited vitamin D tendency is not a current vitamin D level. Sunlight, intake, absorption and metabolism also shape it.

The usual status test measures 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The active hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, answers a different physiological question.

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25-hydroxyvitamin D circulates for about 15 days. The active form lasts hours and is tightly regulated.

Season, sun exposure, skin pigmentation, body composition, diet and health can separate similar inherited tendencies from measured levels.

When clinically relevant, current 25-hydroxyvitamin D and exposure or intake history show present status. DNA cannot establish deficiency or supplement need.

Predictive power Lower predictive power

Scores like this provide a small amount of information. Your health history, symptoms and measurements matter more.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

White blood cell count Moderate predictive power 73rd Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultYour DNA score sits towards the higher end of the comparison group for white blood cell count.
What this means

White blood cell count totals several immune cell types in blood. It is not a direct measure of immune strength.

A normal total can hide differences among white-cell types. The differential shows which types contribute to the overall count.

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The total can change because one cell type moves while others do not. The same total may represent different immune patterns.

Infection, smoking, medicines, stress, and exercise can alter circulating counts. Similar inherited baselines need not produce matching measurements.

A current blood count with differential, previous results, medicines, and symptoms shows whether the pattern matters now. DNA cannot replace testing.

Predictive power Moderate predictive power

Scores like this provide some useful information alongside age, family history, symptoms and health measurements.

Your percentile shows where your score sits. Predictive power shows how much information scores like this have added in research. Neither is a diagnosis or your personal probability.

Caffeine consumption evidence (CYP1A2/AHR) Marker Medication & Exposure Response
Your resultFaster caffeine metabolism marker
What this means

CYP1A2 helps clear caffeine, while rs762551 is one common regulatory variant. It is not a standalone fast-or-slow metabolism test.

Coffee-consumption studies implicate the broader CYP1A2 and AHR regions. Drinking more does not prove caffeine leaves one person faster.

What to do with this Useful if it fits Keep this in view only if symptoms, family history, medicines, or screening questions already make it relevant.
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Caffeine clearance can vary within the same person, so one metabolism label is less fixed than it sounds.

Smoking, oral contraceptives and other exposures can alter CYP1A2 activity. Dose, timing, medicines and habitual intake also shape caffeine response.

Current intake, sleep and symptoms reveal practical response better than this variant. DNA cannot set a personal safe dose or cutoff time.

Faster citalopram, escitalopram, and sertraline metabolism marker Faster citalopram, escitalopram, and sertraline metabolism Medication & Exposure Response
Your resultFaster citalopram, escitalopram, and sertraline processing marker
What this means

Antidepressant PGx is not a depression diagnosis or a prediction of which medicine will improve mood. It matters only for the medicine used or being considered.

CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP2B6 phenotypes can alter exposure to selected serotonin-reuptake inhibitors. They do not measure serotonin.

What to do with this Useful if it fits Keep this in view only if symptoms, family history, medicines, or screening questions already make it relevant.
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Different antidepressants use these enzymes differently. One combined gene label cannot describe every medicine.

CYP2D6 calling needs copy-number and hybrid-gene analysis. Limited raw variants cannot assign a reliable CYP2D6 phenotype.

A validated drug-specific phenotype, exact medicine, indication, interactions and observed response belong in prescriber or pharmacist review. DNA cannot justify medication changes.

Keep this for a prescribing conversation; do not start, stop, or change a medicine from this result alone.
Faster metabolism for selected tricyclic antidepressants marker Faster metabolism for selected tricyclic antidepressants Medication & Exposure Response
Your resultFaster metabolism for selected tricyclic antidepressants marker
What this means

CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 can alter exposure to selected tricyclic antidepressants. They cannot predict whether depression or pain will improve.

The relevant pathway depends on the specific medicine. Some tricyclics rely more heavily on one enzyme than another.

What to do with this Useful if it fits Keep this in view only if symptoms, family history, medicines, or screening questions already make it relevant.
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CYP2C19 can form active metabolites from several tricyclics. CYP2D6 then helps clear the parent medicine and related compounds.

Copy-number changes, interacting medicines, liver function, and indication affect interpretation. Limited panels can miss important CYP2D6 variation.

When a tricyclic is prescribed or planned, confirm the clinical phenotype with the prescriber or pharmacist. DNA alone cannot set treatment.

Keep this for a prescribing conversation; do not start, stop, or change a medicine from this result alone.
Faster omeprazole, lansoprazole, and pantoprazole metabolism marker Faster omeprazole, lansoprazole, and pantoprazole metabolism Medication & Exposure Response
Your resultFaster omeprazole, lansoprazole, and pantoprazole processing marker
What this means

CYP2C19 PPI context is not a reflux diagnosis or acid measurement. It matters only when a specific proton-pump inhibitor is used or being considered.

CYP2C19 clears many PPIs into inactive metabolites. Reduced activity can increase exposure, while increased activity can reduce it.

What to do with this Useful if it fits Keep this in view only if symptoms, family history, medicines, or screening questions already make it relevant.
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CYP2C19 dependence differs among PPIs. One phenotype does not translate into the same effect for every acid-suppressing medicine.

Indication, adherence, treatment duration, interactions and observed response can separate predicted metabolism from present benefit or adverse effects.

A validated CYP2C19 phenotype and exact PPI belong in prescriber or pharmacist review. DNA cannot establish treatment need or current acid control.

Keep this for a prescribing conversation; do not start, stop, or change a medicine from this result alone.
Reduced CYP2C9 metabolism for selected statins marker Reduced CYP2C9 metabolism for selected statins Medication & Exposure Response
Your resultReduced CYP2C9 metabolism for selected statins marker
What this means

SLCO1B1, ABCG2 and CYP2C9 affect exposure to selected statins, not one class-wide intolerance. They cannot diagnose muscle symptoms.

Their relevance depends on the exact statin. The strongest pathway can differ between simvastatin, rosuvastatin and fluvastatin.

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Many people with a relevant medication-response phenotype still tolerate statins.

CYP2C9 panels can miss ancestry-relevant alleles. Dose, interactions, organ function and activity context can also affect muscle symptoms.

For a current or planned statin, confirm all three phenotypes, medicine history and symptoms with the prescriber or pharmacist. DNA cannot direct treatment.

Keep this for a prescribing conversation; do not start, stop, or change a medicine from this result alone.
Beta-carotene to vitamin A conversion evidence (BCO1) Marker Nutrients & Methylation
Your resultDetected Beta-carotene to vitamin A conversion evidence (BCO1) marker
What this means

BCO1 converts dietary beta-carotene into retinal, a vitamin A form. Common variants can modify conversion without proving deficiency.

Beta-carotene from plants is a precursor, not preformed retinol. Intake and vitamin A status are separate questions.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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Human feeding studies show wide conversion differences. BCO1 variation explains only part of that spread.

Food matrix, fat absorption, vitamin A stores, and other carotenoids also shape circulating measurements.

Dietary history, symptoms, and clinically selected tests determine present relevance. DNA cannot prescribe retinol or beta-carotene.

Choline synthesis evidence (PEMT) Marker Nutrients & Methylation
Your resultDetected Choline synthesis evidence (PEMT) marker
What this means

PEMT makes phosphatidylcholine in the liver. Common variation can modify vulnerability during experimentally restricted choline intake.

It does not reveal usual choline intake, personal requirements, liver fat, or deficiency. Hormonal context also influences PEMT activity.

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A controlled depletion study linked PEMT-region variation to organ dysfunction under restricted intake. That setting does not define everyday needs.

Dietary choline, sex hormones, reproductive stage, folate metabolism, and liver health all contribute to choline balance.

Current diet, physiological stage, symptoms, and clinically selected liver measurements determine relevance. DNA alone cannot prescribe choline.

HLA/CYP2C9 anticonvulsant reaction medication-response genetics No tracked medication-response effect detected Medication & Exposure Response
Your resultDetected HLA/CYP2C9 anticonvulsant reaction medication-response genetics marker
What this means

HLA-B*15:02 relates to phenytoin SJS/TEN; CYP2C9 relates to phenytoin clearance. These are different safety pathways.

Neither finding diagnoses a current reaction. This evidence is specific to phenytoin or fosphenytoin, not every anticonvulsant.

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HLA-linked SJS/TEN usually begins early in continuous treatment. CYP2C9-related exposure can remain relevant whenever phenytoin concentrations matter.

HLA-B*15:02 evidence is strongest in Asian-ancestry cohorts. CYP2C9 panels may miss ancestry-relevant alleles, so coverage must be checked.

For phenytoin or fosphenytoin in use or planned, confirm both phenotypes with the prescriber or pharmacist. DNA cannot direct treatment.

Keep this for a prescribing conversation; do not start, stop, or change a medicine from this result alone.
HLA-B27 spondyloarthritis evidence Marker Immune, Inflammation & Allergy
Your resultNo tracked HLA-B27 spondyloarthritis evidence marker
What this means

HLA-B27 is an immune-system allele associated with spondyloarthritis. It increases likelihood in context but is not a diagnosis.

Most HLA-B27 carriers never develop ankylosing spondylitis. Some affected people do not carry HLA-B27.

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Most people with HLA-B27 never develop ankylosing spondylitis; family history and inflammatory features change its meaning.

Family history and other clinical features change likelihood. The same HLA allele can lead to different outcomes.

Current symptom pattern, examination, inflammatory markers, and appropriate imaging determine present relevance. Specialist assessment integrates HLA-B27. DNA alone cannot diagnose spondyloarthritis.

This marker needs the right medical and family-history context before it changes care.
HLA-DQ2/DQ8 celiac disease susceptibility Marker Gut, Digestion & Food Response
Your resultDetected HLA-DQ2/DQ8 celiac disease susceptibility marker
What this means

HLA-DQ2 or DQ8 permits celiac immune recognition, but carriage is common and does not diagnose celiac disease.

A negative marker panel depends on haplotype coverage. It cannot explain unrelated digestive symptoms or every rare compatible pattern.

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Most people with compatible HLA never develop celiac disease. Gluten exposure and additional immune factors separate susceptibility from disease.

HLA typing can clarify uncertainty after restricted diets or mixed tests. It cannot replace celiac antibodies and, when needed, biopsy.

Current symptoms, family history, gluten exposure, celiac serology, and clinical evaluation determine whether susceptibility is relevant.

Iron-storage marker context Marker Energy, Fatigue & Recovery
Your resultHigher iron-storage marker
What this means

HFE C282Y and H63D indicate iron-loading susceptibility, not current iron overload or haemochromatosis by themselves.

Variant combinations differ greatly. C282Y homozygosity carries the clearest signal, while H63D alone usually contributes much less.

What to do with this No action from DNA alone This sits on the calmer side of the report and does not need DNA-led action now.
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C282Y’s geographical concentration has inspired evolutionary explanations, but none is required to interpret the finding.

These common variants explain less iron overload in many non-European ancestry groups. Targeted testing can miss other iron-related causes.

Current transferrin saturation, ferritin, liver context, symptoms, and confirmatory genetics provide the direct relevance check.

Lactase persistence (LCT/MCM6) Marker Gut, Digestion & Food Response
Your resultLower lactase persistence marker
What this means

Lactase persistence means continued lactase production after childhood. It is not milk allergy or guaranteed comfort after dairy.

This marker often tracks milk digestion in European ancestry. Lactose dose, food form, gut conditions and ancestry can change the experience.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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Adult milk digestion evolved independently in several dairy-herding populations.

Lactose malabsorption and digestive symptoms are also different. Some people absorb poorly without symptoms, while others react only above certain doses.

Current food experience and, when needed, a supervised lactose assessment provide direct evidence. DNA cannot diagnose intolerance or milk allergy.

No higher simvastatin muscle-symptom sensitivity marker No higher simvastatin muscle-symptom sensitivity Medication & Exposure Response
Your resultDetected No higher simvastatin muscle-symptom sensitivity marker
What this means

SLCO1B1 rs4149056 can reduce hepatic statin uptake. Its clearest clinical association is simvastatin exposure and muscle injury.

One variant does not define every SLCO1B1 phenotype or statin response. It is not a general muscle trait.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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The strongest SLCO1B1 evidence concerns simvastatin; it does not make someone universally intolerant of statins.

Statin choice, dose, interactions and prior tolerance change relevance. A compatible variant cannot prove that symptoms were medicine-caused.

For simvastatin or another statin in use or planned, confirm the full phenotype with the prescriber or pharmacist. DNA cannot direct treatment.

Keep this for a prescribing conversation; do not start, stop, or change a medicine from this result alone.
Phenytoin and NSAID medication-response genetics (CYP2C9) No tracked medication-response effect detected Medication & Exposure Response
Your resultDetected Phenytoin and NSAID medication-response genetics (CYP2C9) marker
What this means

CYP2C9 context is not one shared rule for phenytoin and painkillers. It matters only for the exact medicine used or being considered.

Reduced CYP2C9 function can slow clearance of phenytoin and some NSAIDs. It cannot predict response to every medicine in either group.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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Phenytoin has nonlinear kinetics and a narrow therapeutic index. Kidney, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular context shape NSAID safety differently.

Limited CYP2C9 panels can miss ancestry-enriched reduced-function alleles. Phenytoin hypersensitivity linked to HLA-B*15:02 is a separate genetic question.

A validated CYP2C9 phenotype, exact medicine, indication, interactions and observed response belong in prescriber or pharmacist review. Partial panels cannot establish a dose.

Keep this for a prescribing conversation; do not start, stop, or change a medicine from this result alone.
Select opioid therapy medication-response genetics (CYP2D6/OPRM1/COMT) No tracked medication-response effect detected Medication & Exposure Response
Your resultDetected Select opioid therapy medication-response genetics (CYP2D6/OPRM1/COMT) marker
What this means

CYP2D6 can affect codeine and tramadol activation. OPRM1 and COMT do not currently provide equivalent prescribing evidence.

This is medicine-specific pharmacogenomics. It is not a general measure of pain tolerance, opioid need, or addiction.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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Codeine and tramadol need CYP2D6 conversion to form more active metabolites. Other opioids use different pathways.

Copy-number variation and CYP2D6-inhibiting medicines can alter the usable phenotype. Limited panels may miss important variation.

For an opioid in use or under consideration, confirm the phenotype with the prescriber or pharmacist. DNA alone cannot select treatment.

Keep this for a prescribing conversation; do not start, stop, or change a medicine from this result alone.
Urate and gout evidence (SLC2A9/ABCG2) Marker Fitness, Movement, Bone & Pain
Your resultDetected Urate and gout evidence (SLC2A9/ABCG2) marker
What this means

Urate is a normal breakdown product cleared mainly through the kidneys and gut. Common transport variation can influence its circulating concentration.

Higher serum urate is not the same as gout. Gout requires crystal deposition with compatible joint or tissue findings.

What to do with this Background only Useful context if you are curious, rather than a new task.
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People with similar diets can have different urate because renal and intestinal handling vary. Genetics cannot quantify today's concentration.

A painful swollen joint has several possible causes. Serum urate alone cannot confirm or exclude gout during an acute episode.

Current joint assessment, serum urate and synovial-fluid crystal analysis or imaging when indicated determine whether gout is present.

How to understand the evidence and its limits. Many DNA associations are too weak, repetitive, or ancestry-dependent to interpret reliably. Real-world context still matters. 5 layers

A DNA association needs enough evidence to interpret. Weak, repetitive, or ancestry-dependent associations can mislead. Symptoms, measurements, family history, and age determine whether a sound association matters to you.

18K+genetic traits screened and prioritised
119M+variant records standardised
66,438evidence records connected to traits
What we checked

103 signals, including polygenic scores, marker calls, medication-response genetics, HLA context where callable, evidence links, actionability, redundancy, and safety boundaries.

What DNA cannot tell you

DNA cannot replace current lab tests, symptom assessment, medication review, routine screening, or clinical whole-genome analysis.

How to use it

Use these findings to decide what to measure or discuss. Measured results, symptoms, family history, medicines, and clinical judgement decide what changes now.

Evidence and relevance

A finding needs enough evidence to interpret.

Strong evidence and clear limits come first. Age, symptoms, family history, and measurements decide whether a finding matters now.

Genetic modelling

We use research-grade mapping, not simple SNP lookup.

Your DNA is harmonised to a modern genome build, imputed against reference data, and mapped with LD-aware polygenic scoring approaches.

Mechanisms

We go from scores to practical routes.

We look for the routes that make a result usable: relevant biomarkers, symptoms, family-history questions, clinician conversations, and everyday habits.

Evidence layer

We link findings to checks, actions, and boundaries.

We connect results to biomarkers, practical actions, clinician discussion points, and safety limits before they become guidance.

Genome processing flow
DNA fileYour raw DNA data is processed securely.
Imputation QCQuality checks and confidence tiers are applied.
PRS scoringPolygenic scores are calibrated to reference data.
Evidence mappingFindings are linked to checks, actions, and safety context.
InterpretationEvidence, measurements, symptoms, and history are brought together with clear limits.

How quality is managed: Spoke DNA reviews the evidence and quality checks behind each finding. Evidence included: 103 traits/signals: 87 polygenic scores and 16 marker, medication-response, and HLA findings. Clinical care still uses measured results, symptoms, and professional judgement.

This report should leave you calmer than it found you.

Does this mean something is wrong?
No. The first sections separate useful checks from background context, and nothing asks for urgent care.
Do I need to act on every row?
No. The full library is transparency. Start with the short plan and the few findings worth using now.
What if a result worries me?
Use symptoms, family history, and measured results to decide whether it belongs in a GP conversation.
What if I just wanted to understand myself?
That belongs here too. The just-interesting traits are deliberately labelled as curiosity, not risk.